When the drawbar is pushed fully into the console, the drawbar setting is considered to be 0 and no sound will be heard. On our Yamaha equivalent we only have green buttons which function from 0 through 7. On each bar, which connects the tab to the switch inside the organ, are marked the numbers 1 through 8. The first controls 1 1/ 7' and 8/ 9', the 7th and 9th harmonics, while the second controls 4/ 5' and 2/ 3', the 10th and 12th harmonics.Īgain note that the first of these includes a pitch, which is also out of strict sequence order on the drawbar layout, and that the 11th harmonic as well as the 13th is missing due to tuning issues. On H-series and X-series organs, there are two additional black drawbars appearing to the right of the 1', extending the Harmonic Series. It might also seem odd, that the 7th harmonic is missing, but that overtone would sound distinctly out of tune from a Hammond Tone Generator. This is the third harmonic of the 16' drawbar and with the 8' drawbar (the second harmonic) provides a little tonal colour to the 16' drawbar. It might seem odd that the 5 1/ 3' drawbar was included, especially since it is positioned to the left of the 8' drawbar instead of the right, on the Hammond. For example, 2 2/ 3' is the third harmonic of 8' and plays an octave and a fifth above the note depressed on the keyboard. Thus, a 16' pipe sounds one octave lower than an 8' pipe while a 4' pipe sounds one octave higher.įractions are used when the harmonics are not on octaves of the fundamental. To halve the frequency and sound a note one octave lower, a pipe needs to be twice as long.
A longer pipe sounds lower and a shorter pipe, unsurprisingly, sounds higher. A pipe approximately 8 feet long is required to sound at this frequency. The low C key on an organ normally sounds a note of approximately 65Hz.
The number of feet refers to the approximate length of the pipe that sounds when the lowest key is pressed on the keyboard. The footages stamped into late model drawbars refers to the relative lengths of pipes used in a pipe organ. Most Hammonds have up to nine drawbars, which are typically organized from left to right, and here I show what they affect: The Hammond organist blends these overtones, which we normally call harmonics, by setting the position of the drawbars to ‘different lengths’, which increase or decrease the volume of the harmonic in the mix.Īs you might guess, Jazz, Blues and Rock organists aren't always interested in imitating a pipe organ, so the Hammond can also be used to produce nonharmonic overtones as well.
TONE GROUPS ON HAMMOND B3 TONEGENERATOR GENERATOR
The Hammond organ blends the relatively pure sine wave tones generated by the Tone Generator to make sounds that are imitative of the pipe organ. The organist blended the sound produced from the pipe ranks by opening or closing these stops.
The stops were two position controls, which meant they were either on or off. Pipes can sound flutey with few harmonics or reedy with many harmonics, and, of course, there are many different tonal qualities in between. Prior to the Hammond organ, pipe organs most commonly used stop knobs, buttons or tabs to control the flow of air into a specific rank of pipes. The Hammond organ was originally developed to compete with the pipe organ and they came with drawbars, which were a unique Hammond innovation to keyboard musical instruments.
TONE GROUPS ON HAMMOND B3 TONEGENERATOR SERIES
I cover here Hammond Drawbars, concentrating on the familiar 9 drawbars, but include those 2 extra ones, which were found on the Hammond H and X series organs.
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